Oropharyngeal Cancer
Overview
Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the tissues of the oropharynx, which is the middle part of the throat located behind the mouth. This area includes the base of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and the walls of the throat. Oropharyngeal cancer can develop in any of these tissues and can be classified into several types, including squamous cell carcinoma, which is the most common.
Which treatment you’ll have for your head and neck cancer depends on many factors. These might include the location of the cancer, its size and the type of cells involved. Your healthcare team also considers your overall health. Treatment options might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and others.
Causes
- Tobacco and Alcohol : These are significant risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) : Certain strains of HPV, particularly HPV-16, have been linked to an increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer. HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers often affect younger individuals and are becoming more prevalent.
Symptoms
- Sore Throat : Persistent sore throat that does not improve with time or treatment.
- Difficulty Swallowing : Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, may occur, especially as the tumor grows and obstructs the throat.
- Ear Pain : Pain in the ears may occur, particularly on one side, as the nerves in the throat are interconnected.
- Voice Changes : Hoarseness or other changes in voice quality may be present.
Diagnosis
- Physical Examination : A doctor may examine the throat and neck for signs of abnormalities.
- Biopsy : Tissue samples may be taken from any suspicious areas for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer is present..
- Imaging Tests : CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans may be used to assess the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread to other areas of the body
Treatment
- Surgery : Depending on the size and location of the tumor, surgery may be performed to remove the cancerous tissue.
- Radiation Therapy : High-energy beams are used to target and destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy : Drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing and dividing.
- Targeted Therapy : Drugs that specifically target certain molecules involved in cancer growth may be used.
Prevention
- Surgery : Depending on the size and location of the tumor, surgery may be performed to remove the cancerous tissue.
- Radiation Therapy : High-energy beams are used to target and destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy : Drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing and dividing.
- Targeted Therapy : Drugs that specifically target certain molecules involved in cancer growth may be used.
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